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返回博客 利用 Web 浏览器构建 Java Media Player 2021年6月29日 Vladimir Ikryanov
如果您需要在 Java 桌面应用程序中嵌入媒体播放器,有几种方法可供选择:
您可以使用 JavaFX Media API 来实现所有必需的媒体播放器功能。 虽然稍显过时但仍然可用的 Java Media Framework 也可以作为一种解决方案。 您可以集成像 VLCJ 这样的第三方 Java 库,它封装了本机媒体播放器的功能。 每种方法都有其优缺点:
JavaFX Media API 方法是跨平台的,适用于 Windows、Linux 和 macOS。它在 JavaFX 中运作良好。但是,如果您使用 Swing 或 SWT,则需要诸如 JFXPanel
和 FXCanvas
这样的桥接器。
封装本机媒体播放器的功能需要为每个平台单独进行配置,因为播放器可能不支持所有必需的平台。例如,VLCJ 就不支持 Linux。此外,您可能还需要在目标平台上安装缺失的视频和音频编解码器,以播放各种媒体格式。
利用 Web 浏览器的功能 如今,我们大部分的媒体内容都是通过 Web 浏览器来获取的。它们适用于多个平台,并且支持播放各种音频和视频格式。同时,还具备播放媒体内容所需的所有必要功能。既然 Web 浏览器已经如此强大和全面,我们为何不考虑在 Java 桌面应用程序中利用这一优势来播放媒体内容呢?
在本文中,我将介绍另一种可在 Java Swing、JavaFX 或 SWT 应用程序中构建跨平台 Java 媒体播放器的方法。具体操作如下:
使用 JxBrowser 将 Web 浏览器控件集成到简单的 Java Swing 应用程序中。 利用 HTML5 的功能加载用于播放所需视频的 HTML 网页。 通过直接从 Java 代码中调用的 JavaScript 命令来控制视频的播放。 JxBrowser 是一款商业 Java 库,它允许您在跨平台的 Java Swing、JavaFX 和 SWT 应用程序中充分利用 Chromium 的强大功能。非常适合那些基于 Java 技术开发并销售软件解决方案的公司使用。
过去,Flash Player 是我们在网页上展示各种媒体内容的常用工具,备受欢迎。然而,随着技术的不断发展,2020 年 12 月,Flash Player 正式退出了历史舞台,现在,HTML5 的 Video 和 Audio API 已经全面取代了它的地位。
目前,我们主要有两种方式来利用这些 API 播放媒体内容:
直接使用 HTML5 的 Video 和 Audio API 进行操作。 使用第三方 JavaScript 库,如 Plyr、Video.js 等。 在本文中,我将使用 Plyr 库 — 这个最受欢迎的 HTML5 媒体播放器之一。它简单易用,与应用程序集成起来非常方便。
使用 JxBrowser 将 Web 功能引入 Java!
获取免费许可证 实现 让我们创建一个演示程序,展示如何使用 Plyr JS 库和 JxBrowser 构建跨平台的 Java 媒体播放器。
首先,我们需要创建一个 HTML 页面(media.html
),其中包含 JS 库,嵌入视频播放器,并配置目标 MP4 视频文件的位置:
<!DOCTYPE html>
< html lang = "en" >
< head >
< meta charset = "UTF-8" >
< title > Java Media Player</ title >
< link rel = "stylesheet" href = "<https://cdn.plyr.io/3.6.8/plyr.css>" />
</ head >
< body style = "margin:0" >
< video id = "player"
controls
crossorigin
playsinline
data-poster = "<https://cdn.plyr.io/static/demo/View_From_A_Blue_Moon_Trailer-HD.jpg>" >
< source src = "<https://cdn.plyr.io/static/demo/View_From_A_Blue_Moon_Trailer-720p.mp4>"
type = "video/mp4" />
</ video >
< script src = "<https://cdn.plyr.io/3.6.8/plyr.js>" crossorigin = "anonymous" ></ script >
</ body >
</ html >
接下来,我们需要创建一个简单的 Java Swing 应用程序,该程序将显示一个带有 Web 浏览器和播放控件的 JFrame 窗口:
JFrame frame = new JFrame ( "Java Media Player" );
frame . add ( new MediaPlayer (), BorderLayout . CENTER );
frame . setVisible ( true );
MediaPlayer
组件包含了 Web 浏览器和播放控件。它具有以下初始化逻辑:
engine = Engine . newInstance (
EngineOptions . newBuilder ( HARDWARE_ACCELERATED )
// 在这个演示中,我们加载了 MP4 视频文件,
// 因此我们必须启用默认情况下禁用的相应专有功能。
. enableProprietaryFeature ( ProprietaryFeature . H_264 )
. enableProprietaryFeature ( ProprietaryFeature . AAC )
// 启用通过 JavaScript 在网页上无需用户交互即可编程播放视频的功能。
. enableAutoplay ()
. build ());
Browser browser = engine . newBrowser ();
// 将 JsPlayer 的实例注入到 JavaScript 中,
// 以便从 JavaScript 中调用其方法来通知播放器事件。
browser . set ( InjectJsCallback . class , params -> {
Frame frame = params . frame ();
JsObject window = frame . executeJavaScript ( "window" );
if ( window != null ) {
player = new JsPlayer ( frame );
window . putProperty ( "java" , player );
}
return Response . proceed ();
});
// 获取包含 JS 视频播放器的 media.html 文件的绝对路径,
// 加载该文件并等待其完全加载完成,
// 这样我们就可以构建播放器 UI 控件了。
URL resource = MediaPlayer . class . getResource ( "/media.html" );
if ( resource != null ) {
browser . navigation (). loadUrlAndWait ( resource . toString ());
}
// 创建一个可视化 Swing 控件,
// 用于显示包含视频的网页内容。
BrowserView view = BrowserView . newInstance ( browser );
view . setPreferredSize ( new Dimension ( 1280 , 720 ));
// 将控件嵌入到 Java Swing 框架中。
setLayout ( new BorderLayout ());
add ( view , BorderLayout . CENTER );
add ( playbackControls (), BorderLayout . SOUTH );
让我来解释一下我在初始化逻辑中都做了什么。在上面的代码中,我配置了 Engine
实例,该实例相当于 Google Chrome 应用程序,并为其设置了几个选项:
启用 H264 和 AAC 专有功能,以便能够播放 MP4 视频; 启用通过 JavaScript 在网页上无需用户交互即可编程播放视频的功能。 接下来,我创建了一个 Browser
实例,它相当于 Chrome 浏览器的一个标签页,并加载了 media.html
文件。为了显示 HTML 文件的内容,我创建了一个 Swing BrowserView
控件,并将其嵌入到 Java 框架中。
在演示应用程序中,我决定使用以下媒体播放器功能:
播放和暂停; 静音和取消静音; 调节音量; 获取视频时长(以秒为单位); 当当前播放时间发生变化时接收通知; 设置当前播放时间。 对于上述每一种播放功能,我都创建了一个对应的 Java Swing GUI 控件,以便最终的播放面板具有以下外观:
现在,我需要将这些控件与 JS 媒体播放器的相应功能进行绑定。例如,当我点击播放按钮时,我需要调用 player.play()
这个 JS 函数。为此,我使用了相应的 JxBrowser API:
frame . executeJavaScript ( "player.play()" );
为了从 JavaScript 接收播放状态改变的通知,我需要定义一个公开的 Java 类,并在其中使用 @JsAccessible
注解标记公开方法,如下所示:
public final class JsPlayer {
@JsAccessible
public void onTimeUpdated ( double currentTime ) {
listeners . forEach ( listener -> listener . accept ( currentTime ));
}
}
接着,让我们同样使用以下 JxBrowser API 创建该类的一个实例,并将其注入到 JavaScript 中:
browser . set ( InjectJsCallback . class , params -> {
Frame frame = params . frame ();
JsObject window = frame . executeJavaScript ( "window" );
if ( window != null ) {
player = new JsPlayer ( frame );
window . putProperty ( "java" , player );
}
return Response . proceed ();
});
使用 @JsAccessible
注解的方法在 JavaScript 中是“可见”的,当相应的事件被触发时,可以调用它们。
在该 media.html
文件中,我需要添加 JavaScript 代码,以便在发生不同的播放事件时通知 Java 端:
< script >
player . on ( '时间更新' , event => {
java . onTimeUpdated ( player . currentTime );
});
player . on ( '音量变化' , event => {
java . onVolumeChanged ( player . volume , player . muted );
});
player . on ( '播放' , event => { java . onPlaybackStarted (); });
player . on ( '暂停' , event => { java . onPlaybackPaused (); });
</ script >
该程序的完整源代码以及 media.html
文件可在 GitHub 上获取。
结果 如果您编译并运行该程序,您将会看到以下输出:
Java 媒体播放器演示应用程序
JxBrowser 是跨平台的,因此这种方法适用于所有平台,无需您付出额外的努力。
结论 HTML5 的视频功能足以构建自定义媒体播放器,以在各种平台上播放大多数流行的视频和音频格式。
希望本文所述方法能对您有所帮助,也期待收到您的宝贵评论和建议。
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